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Setting up a company | FDI in figures | Why you should choose to invest | Procedures relative to foreign investment | Finding assistance for further information

Setting up a company

Legal business entities

Types of companies and capital (max/min)	Number of partners/shareholders and liability	Maximum and/or minimum capital	Liabilities	Registration fees
La Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada / SARL is a Private Limited Company.	No minimum. Maximum 20 partners.	No minimum capital.	Liability is limited to the amount contributed.	Check the uniqueness of the proposed company name: USD 2-6. Sign and notarize the incorporation papers: USD 400. Deposit 25% of capital in a bank: 0.07% of transaction value. Register the incorporation documents: 0.3% of capital + USD 23. Stamp the accounting book: USD 35-72. Obtain a Certificate of Compatibility: USD 0-40. Obtain municipal license: USD 90.
Sociedad anonima / SA is a Public Limited Company.	Minimum 3 partners.	No minimum capital.	Liability is limited to the amount contribued.	Check the uniqueness of the proposed company name: USD 2-6. Sign and notarize the incorporation papers: USD 400. Deposit 25% of capital in a bank: 0.07% of transaction value. Register the incorporation documents: 0.3% of capital + USD 23. Stamp the accounting book: USD 35-72. Obtain a Certificate of Compatibility: USD 0-40. Obtain municipal license: USD 90.
Sociedad in comandita simple / SCS is a limited partnership.	Two types of partners: active partners and sleeping partners.	No minimum capital.	Liability of active partners is unlimited. Liability of sleeping partners is limited to the amount contributed as long as they do not take part in the company management.	Check the uniqueness of the proposed company name: USD 2-6. Sign and notarize the incorporation papers: USD 400. Deposit 25% of capital in a bank: 0.07% of transaction value. Register the incorporation documents: 0.3% of capital + USD 23. Stamp the accounting book: USD 35-72. Obtain a Certificate of Compatibility: USD 0-40. Obtain municipal license: USD 90.

Business setup procedures: First step: choosing the type of company;

Second step: preparation of the "Minuta de Constitucion", the company's social contract containing the following information: identification of the partners, articles, description of the directors' posts. The "Minuta" must be signed by a lawyer.

Third step: opening a bank account in the name of the company in a local banking institution

Fourth step: registering the company with the "Superintendencia nacional de los Registros publicos".

Fifth step: obtaining a Registro del Contribuyente (RUC).

Sixth step: opening and legalizing accounting ledgers, obtaining an authorization for the "Libro de Planillas" from the Ministry of Labor, obtaining a municipal operating license.

Seventh step: registering the company with the direct foreign investment register.
The competent organization: All foreign capital companies must be registered with the National Commission for Investment and Foreign Technologies.

FDI in figures

Foreign Direct Investment	2007	2008	2009
FDI of inward flow (millions USD)	5490.9613070895	6923.6512846258	4759.6856569299
FDI inward stock (millions USD)	26807.70581	32340.34036	36911.07559
Performance Index*, ranking on 141 economies	66/141	53/141	49/141
Potential Index**, ranking on 141 economies	83/141	82/141	-
Number of Greenfield investments***	37	61	76
FDI inwards (in % of GFCF****)	24.0396816597678	20.412857547981	21.0763236026729
FDI stock (in % of GDP)	24.9770875649815	25.3533641131448	29.1240553382471

πηγή:

Note: * The UNCTAD Inward FDI Performance index is based on a ratio of the country's share in global FDI inflows and its share in global GDP. ** The UNCTAD Inward FDI Potential index is based on 12 economic and structural variables such as GDP, foreign trade, FDI, infrastructures, energy use, R&D, education, country risk.*** Green field investments are a form of foreign direct investment where a parent company starts a new venture in a foreign country by constructing new operational facilities from the ground up. **** Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) measures the value of additions to fixed assets purchased by business, government and households less disposals of fixed assets sold off or scrapped.

Why you should choose to invest Peru

Strong points: For five years Peru has experienced sustained growth, which rests on an external growth environment, on exports and domestic demand, which has benefitted from the combined rise in household consumption and public investment. Dynamic activity, sound economic policy, and the successful management of debt, have allowed Peru to show very good results in terms of a strong macro-economic balance, and to regain investor and market confidence. Peru enjoys well directed external demand and the good performance of the raw material prices, of which it is a substantial producer.
Weak points: If the Peruvian economy's prospects are favorable in the short term, the sustainability of the present growth is conditioned by Peru's capacity to define a medium term development strategy. With growth highly concentrated on the primary sector and in the agricultural exporting regions, it has only marginally contributed to redressing a difficult social situation. The main source of vulnerability is a permanently high level of poverty and under-employment, caused by a growth that is too dependent on a strongly capitalist mining sector.

Growth is dependent on an external environment which up to now has been favorable, as domestic demand is not yet able to take over from a possible reduction of external demand or from the prices of raw materials. Peru also suffers from a great lack of infrastructures, and the institutional capacity of the country has not improved significantly over the last few years. Moreover, the progress of employment is too concentrated in the most dynamic areas and in the informal sector. The lack of efficiency and means of public policies is manifest in the permanently high poverty rate.
Government measures to motivate or restrict FDI: The Peruvian government is trying to attract foreign investors in all sectors of the economy. During the 1990s, the Peruvian government encouraged the stabilization of the economy and promoted liberalization policies by dropping customs barriers and opening the economy to foreign investors. In April 2002, the government established PROinversion, the sole representative of current and future investors, which took part in the privatization of public companies and industries based on natural resources. In addition to the 1993 Constitution, there are laws in Peru concerning foreign investment, including the 1991 Promotion of Foreign Investment Law and the Framework Law on the Growth of Private Investment 1991.

Procedures relative to foreign investment

Freedom of establishment: Peru signed the constituent agreement of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Foreign investment in Peru is governed by the law on the promotion of foreign investments and its decree-law n°662 of 1991, which establishes, as a basic principle, the equal treatment of national and foreign capital.
Acquisition of holdings: A majority holding interest in the capital of a local company is legal in Peru.
Obligation to declare: To be recognized and be able to benefit from the provisions of the legislation in force, the considered investment must, once carried out, be registered with Proinversion, but this formality is only compulsory when there is an agreement on legal stability.
Competent organization for the declaration: Peruvian Agency for the promotion of investment.
Requests for specific authorizations: Foreign capital can be invested in all sectors of economic activity without prior authorization, with the exception of a few sectors, such as the press, or implantations in border zones.

Finding assistance for further information

Investment aid agency: Invest in Peru
Other useful resources: Official investment agency (Inversion Peru)
Econolatin: Statistics on Peruvian investment